wiki.openmod-initiative.org - User contributions [en]

Technology assumptions

2021-06-18T15:08:04Z

Christian Winzer:

= Introduction and general considerations =

Technology assumption datasets list costs, efficiencies, emissions and lifetimes of energy conversion, storage and transmission technologies. Costs include investment costs, fuel costs, emission costs and variable and fixed operational and maintenance (VOM and FOM) costs.

Typically the datasets provide an analysis of historical values and project future values (e.g. for 2030, 2050) with appropriate uncertainty ranges. Projections must be treated with caution given that the costs of some technologies (solar, offshore wind and batteries) are changing fast.

The databases have very different scope, with some covering only renewable technologies, while others include all generation, heating and storage technologies.

Values may be region-specific, reflecting local experience with the technologies and local conditions that may e.g. affect costs (such as the distance of offshore wind sites from the shore).

= Technology assumption datasets by origin =

== Danish Energy Agency (DEA) and Energinet.dk Technology Data ==

[https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data]

[https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-generation-electricity-and https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-generation-electricity-and]

Last updated 2018. 300 pages of detailed analysis. Includes generation, heating, sector-coupling, storage, grid and CCS technologies. Most information is in English. Projections for 2020, 2030 and 2050.

 

== National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), US, Annual Technology Baseline (ATB) ==

[https://atb.nrel.gov/ https://atb.nrel.gov/]

Last updated October 2018. "The ATB represents a populated framework to identify technology-specific cost and performance parameters or other investment decision metrics across a range of resource characteristics, sites, or fuel price assumptions for electricity generation technologies both at present and with projections through 2050."

 

== IEA-ETSAP ==

[https://iea-etsap.org/index.php/energy-technology-data https://iea-etsap.org/index.php/energy-technology-data]

Updated over last 10 years. Covers [https://iea-etsap.org/index.php/energy-technology-data/energy-supply-technologies-data supply] (electricity, storage, heating, transmission) and [https://iea-etsap.org/index.php/energy-technology-data/energy-demand-technologies-data demand] technologies.

 

== IRENA ==

[http://www.irena.org/costs http://www.irena.org/costs]

Every ~3 years IRENA publishes a report on renewable power generation costs based on the IRENA Renewable Cost Database which contains ~15,000 data points for LCOE from projects for different generation technologies. A download link for the data used to produce the charts of the report can be requested online: [http://www.irena.org/publications/2018/Jan/Renewable-power-generation-costs-in-2017 http://www.irena.org/publications/2018/Jan/Renewable-power-generation-costs-in-2017]

 

== EnergyPLAN database from Aalborg University, Denmark ==

[https://www.energyplan.eu/useful_resources/costdatabase/ https://www.energyplan.eu/useful_resources/costdatabase/]

Requires registration. Last updated October 2018. Includes generation, heating, storage and transmission technologies.

 

== German Renewable Energy Law (EEG) experience reports (Erfahrungsberichte) ==

[https://www.erneuerbare-energien.de/EE/Navigation/DE/Recht-Politik/Das_EEG/EEG-Erfahrungsberichte-und-Studien/eeg-erfahrungsberichte-und-studien.html https://www.erneuerbare-energien.de/EE/Navigation/DE/Recht-Politik/Das_EEG/EEG-Erfahrungsberichte-und-Studien/eeg-erfahrungsberichte-und-studien.html]

Values for offshore wind (from 2018):

[https://www.erneuerbare-energien.de/EE/Redaktion/DE/Downloads/bmwi_de/bericht-eeg-7-wind-auf-see.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=6 https://www.erneuerbare-energien.de/EE/Redaktion/DE/Downloads/bmwi_de/bericht-eeg-7-wind-auf-see.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=6]

 

== German Fraunhofer ISE Electricity Production Costs ==

[https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/de/veroeffentlichungen/studien/studie-stromgestehungskosten-erneuerbare-energien.html https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/de/veroeffentlichungen/studien/studie-stromgestehungskosten-erneuerbare-energien.html]

In German, last updated 2018.

== DIW Current and Prospective Costs of Electricity Generation until 2050 ==

[https://www.diw.de/sixcms/detail.php?id=diw_01.c.424588.de https://www.diw.de/sixcms/detail.php?id=diw_01.c.424588.de]

Last updated 2013. Focuses on electricity generation. Projections up to 2050.

== Swiss Hydro Production Costs ==

[https://www.bfe.admin.ch/bfe/de/home/versorgung/erneuerbare-energien/wasserkraft/grosswasserkraft.exturl.html/aHR0cHM6Ly9wdWJkYi5iZmUuYWRtaW4uY2gvZGUvcHVibGljYX/Rpb24vZG93bmxvYWQvOTAxMw==.html https://www.bfe.admin.ch/bfe/de/home/versorgung/erneuerbare-energien/wasserkraft/grosswasserkraft.exturl.html/aHR0cHM6Ly9wdWJkYi5iZmUuYWRtaW4uY2gvZGUvcHVibGljYX/Rpb24vZG93bmxvYWQvOTAxMw==.html]

In German, last updated 2017.

Transport demand

2019-10-23T07:27:57Z

Christian Winzer: /* Data in high temporal resolution */

= Introduction =

Transport demand can be measured either by final energy consumption (transport's energy demand) or in terms of km travelled. Final energy consumption is usually measured/estimated by statistical offices on an annual basis for a specified geographical / country scope. For km travelled, personal travel can be measured in passenger-km or vehicle-km the difference being the occupancy rate in passenger per vehicle. Freight transport demand is usually given in tonne-km. 

Usually four modes are distinguished: Road, rail, shipping, air. Shipping is often further distinguished in maritime and inland waterway transport. 

Time series can be approximated by e.g. measuring stations on roads. There are some data sets where hourly transport demands are surveyed on specific times in the year. In these surveys (e.g. [http://www.mobilitaet-in-deutschland.de/ Mobilität in Deutschland]), usually further data on household, cars, driving purposes etc. is given. 

= Europe =

[https://publications.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/52f721ed-c6b8-11e8-9424-01aa75ed71a1/language-en EU transport in figures] brochure

== Eurostat yearly energy consumption ==

[http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/energy/data/energy-balances http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/energy/data/energy-balances]

For years 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2008-2014

Covers energy usage in EU, Balkans, Norway, Ukraine, Turkey, but NOT Switzerland.

Transport is divided into Road/Rail/Aviation/Navigation (boat?)/Pipeline transport/Non-specified.

 

== Eurostat high geographical resolution transport demand ==

European [https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/nuts/background NUTS-2] (281 regions in the EU) transport data

[https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/regions/data/database https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/regions/data/database]

Data is given for

*road freight transport
*air freight and passenger transport
*maritime freight and passenger transport
*rail freight and passenger transport

for European NUTS-2 regions (in Germany: Federal states). It is not always clear directly from the data tables, what the numbers refer to e.g. leaving or incoming passengers for aviation. However, some metadata is available. Also, historic vehicle stock data is available.

 

== EU Energy Trends to 2050 for yearly energy ==

[https://data.europa.eu/euodp/data/dataset/energy-modelling 2016 reference scenarios for the EU] 

Cite on transport modelling: 

"PRIMES-TAPEM, operated by ICCS/E3MLab is an econometric model for transport activity projections; it takes GEM-E3 projections (GDP, activity by sector, demographics and bilateral trade by product, and by country) as drivers, to produce transport activity projections to be fed into PRIMES-TREMOVE. The econometric exercise also includes fuel prices coming from PROMETHEUS, as well as transport net work infrastructure (length of motorways and railways), as drivers. The PRIMES-TAPEM model provides the transport activity projections for the Reference Scenario.", p. 16

 

[http://ec.europa.eu/transport/media/publications/doc/trends-to-2050-update-2013.pdf http://ec.europa.eu/transport/media/publications/doc/trends-to-2050-update-2013.pdf] 

Contains predictions for total passenger-km and tonne-km for each EU country up to 2050, distinguished by public transport, car/motorcycle, rail, aviation, inland navigation. 

 

== Germany ==

=== Mobility panel, Mobilitätspanel (MoP) ===

Carried out by KIT. Transport data for 1850 households and 3074 persons (for 2017/2018) based on weekly mobility diaries. Annual statistics freely available here: 

http://mobilitaetspanel.ifv.kit.edu/english/downloads.php 

=== Mobility in Cities, Mobilität in Städten ===

Data for 2013 is available [https://tu-dresden.de/bu/verkehr/ivs/srv/srv-2013?set_language=en here]. The update survey (2018-2019) is currently running. 

== Data in high temporal resolution ==

=== Hourly vehicle count statistics for Germany ===

[http://www.bast.de/DE/Verkehrstechnik/Fachthemen/v2-verkehrszaehlung/Stundenwerte.html http://www.bast.de/DE/Verkehrstechnik/Fachthemen/v2-verkehrszaehlung/Stundenwerte.html] 

from the Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt) 

Separate counts for different kinds of vehicles such as cars, trucks, buses, etc. 

 

=== Data set Mobility in Germany; original: Mobilität in Deutschland (MiD) ===

[http://www.mobilitaet-in-deutschland.de/MiT2017.html http://www.mobilitaet-in-deutschland.de/MiT2017.html] 

Survey carried out by [https://www.dlr.de/vf/en/desktopdefault.aspx/ DLR Institute for Transport Research], [http://www.ivt-verkehrsforschung.de/ IVT] and [https://infas360.de/ infas] in 2002, 2008 and 2017. Data is given on four different levels (A, B1, B2, B3, more info [https://daten.clearingstelle-verkehr.de/279/ here] in German). Data can be aquired via a form at the [https://daten.clearingstelle-verkehr.de/order-form.html Clearingstelle Verkehr] for a fee of 100€. Details increase from B1 to B3 regarding the geographical resolution (B1: Standard, B2: Regional, B3: Local).  

=== Representative load profiles for electric vehicle charging for Germany ===

1 day in 10 minute resolution; Home/workplace/public charging; weekday/weekend; 

Documentation: '''[https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000086372 externer Link: https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000086372]''' 

Data: [https://www.iip.kit.edu/downloads/Standardlastprofile_Elektrofahrzeuge_Anhang_E.zip https://www.iip.kit.edu/downloads/Standardlastprofile_Elektrofahrzeuge_Anhang_E.zip]

Transport demand

2019-10-23T07:27:15Z

Christian Winzer: /* Data in high temporal resolution */

= Introduction =

Transport demand can be measured either by final energy consumption (transport's energy demand) or in terms of km travelled. Final energy consumption is usually measured/estimated by statistical offices on an annual basis for a specified geographical / country scope. For km travelled, personal travel can be measured in passenger-km or vehicle-km the difference being the occupancy rate in passenger per vehicle. Freight transport demand is usually given in tonne-km. 

Usually four modes are distinguished: Road, rail, shipping, air. Shipping is often further distinguished in maritime and inland waterway transport. 

Time series can be approximated by e.g. measuring stations on roads. There are some data sets where hourly transport demands are surveyed on specific times in the year. In these surveys (e.g. [http://www.mobilitaet-in-deutschland.de/ Mobilität in Deutschland]), usually further data on household, cars, driving purposes etc. is given. 

= Europe =

[https://publications.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/52f721ed-c6b8-11e8-9424-01aa75ed71a1/language-en EU transport in figures] brochure

== Eurostat yearly energy consumption ==

[http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/energy/data/energy-balances http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/energy/data/energy-balances]

For years 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2008-2014

Covers energy usage in EU, Balkans, Norway, Ukraine, Turkey, but NOT Switzerland.

Transport is divided into Road/Rail/Aviation/Navigation (boat?)/Pipeline transport/Non-specified.

 

== Eurostat high geographical resolution transport demand ==

European [https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/nuts/background NUTS-2] (281 regions in the EU) transport data

[https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/regions/data/database https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/regions/data/database]

Data is given for

*road freight transport
*air freight and passenger transport
*maritime freight and passenger transport
*rail freight and passenger transport

for European NUTS-2 regions (in Germany: Federal states). It is not always clear directly from the data tables, what the numbers refer to e.g. leaving or incoming passengers for aviation. However, some metadata is available. Also, historic vehicle stock data is available.

 

== EU Energy Trends to 2050 for yearly energy ==

[https://data.europa.eu/euodp/data/dataset/energy-modelling 2016 reference scenarios for the EU] 

Cite on transport modelling: 

"PRIMES-TAPEM, operated by ICCS/E3MLab is an econometric model for transport activity projections; it takes GEM-E3 projections (GDP, activity by sector, demographics and bilateral trade by product, and by country) as drivers, to produce transport activity projections to be fed into PRIMES-TREMOVE. The econometric exercise also includes fuel prices coming from PROMETHEUS, as well as transport net work infrastructure (length of motorways and railways), as drivers. The PRIMES-TAPEM model provides the transport activity projections for the Reference Scenario.", p. 16

 

[http://ec.europa.eu/transport/media/publications/doc/trends-to-2050-update-2013.pdf http://ec.europa.eu/transport/media/publications/doc/trends-to-2050-update-2013.pdf] 

Contains predictions for total passenger-km and tonne-km for each EU country up to 2050, distinguished by public transport, car/motorcycle, rail, aviation, inland navigation. 

 

== Germany ==

=== Mobility panel, Mobilitätspanel (MoP) ===

Carried out by KIT. Transport data for 1850 households and 3074 persons (for 2017/2018) based on weekly mobility diaries. Annual statistics freely available here: 

http://mobilitaetspanel.ifv.kit.edu/english/downloads.php 

=== Mobility in Cities, Mobilität in Städten ===

Data for 2013 is available [https://tu-dresden.de/bu/verkehr/ivs/srv/srv-2013?set_language=en here]. The update survey (2018-2019) is currently running. 

== Data in high temporal resolution ==

=== Hourly vehicle count statistics for Germany ===

[http://www.bast.de/DE/Verkehrstechnik/Fachthemen/v2-verkehrszaehlung/Stundenwerte.html http://www.bast.de/DE/Verkehrstechnik/Fachthemen/v2-verkehrszaehlung/Stundenwerte.html] 

from the Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt) 

Separate counts for different kinds of vehicles such as cars, trucks, buses, etc. 

 

=== Data set Mobility in Germany; original: Mobilität in Deutschland (MiD) ===

[http://www.mobilitaet-in-deutschland.de/MiT2017.html http://www.mobilitaet-in-deutschland.de/MiT2017.html] 

Survey carried out by [https://www.dlr.de/vf/en/desktopdefault.aspx/ DLR Institute for Transport Research], [http://www.ivt-verkehrsforschung.de/ IVT] and [https://infas360.de/ infas] in 2002, 2008 and 2017. Data is given on four different levels (A, B1, B2, B3, more info [https://daten.clearingstelle-verkehr.de/279/ here] in German). Data can be aquired via a form at the [https://daten.clearingstelle-verkehr.de/order-form.html Clearingstelle Verkehr] for a fee of 100€. Details increase from B1 to B3 regarding the geographical resolution (B1: Standard, B2: Regional, B3: Local).  

=== Representative load profiles for electric vehicle charging for Germany ===

1 day in 10 minute resolution; Home/workplace/public charging; weekday/weekend;

Documentation: '''[https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000086372 externer Link: https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000086372]'''

Data: https://www.iip.kit.edu/downloads/Standardlastprofile_Elektrofahrzeuge_Anhang_E.zip

[http://www.bast.de/DE/Verkehrstechnik/Fachthemen/v2-verkehrszaehlung/Stundenwerte.html http://www.bast.de/DE/Verkehrstechnik/Fachthemen/v2-verkehrszaehlung/Stundenwerte.html]

Electricity demand

2019-02-15T09:40:45Z

Christian Winzer: /* Europe */

= Asia =

== Japan ==

The Japanese Ministry of Economy Trade and Industry (METI) has provided hourly data for a full year (April 2010-March 2011) for the entire country seperated in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Japan#/media/File:Power_Grid_of_Japan.svg 10 regions]. Data per region are available in seperate [http://www.meti.go.jp/setsuden/performance.html pdf files]. The website is in Japanese, it is therefore advisable to use a translate function (e.g. in Chrome).

== Singapore ==

Singapore's Energy Market Authority has provided an [https://www.ema.gov.sg/statistic.aspx?sta_sid=20140826Y84sgBebjwKV online database] with half-hourly demand, downloadable per month from the year 2004 onwards. Data is available in csv format or as pdf.

= Europe =

== ENTSO-E hourly load time series for European countries ==

The European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity, [https://www.entsoe.eu/ ENTSOE-E], hold [https://www.entsoe.eu/data/data-portal/consumption/Pages/default.aspx hourly demand data for each EU country]. Their terms and conditions do not allow redistribution. It may be worth our while putting in a single, co-ordinated request to cover access to and redistribution of the archive.

== Open Power System Data hourly load time series for European countries ==

[http://open-power-system-data.org/ Open Power System Data] (OPSD) is a platform for European power system data such as power plants and load, wind and solar time series.

OPSD will provide coherent versions of the ENTSO-E time series, with errors and time zones consistent across the dataset. 

== Elexon time series for Great Britain ==

[https://www.elexonportal.co.uk/ Elexon] manages the data for the GB network, and this is available half-hourly. Registration is free. They've been very helpful with our network of UK universities in facilitating access to data, to date. Again, a co-ordinated approach will be best. There are also [http://www2.nationalgrid.com/UK/Industry-information/Electricity-transmission-operational-data/Data-Explorer/ several different variations of total demand available from the GB National Grid], also all half-hourly 

== JASM load profiles for Switzerland ==

The Joint Activity on Scenario Modeling (JASM) in Switzerland has published [https://data.sccer-jasm.ch/ typical load profiles] for a variety of different loads along with other input data of their modeling activities. 

== Russia ==

Historical hourly load (updated every hour) for Russia's unified electricity transmission grid system is provided by Russia's [http://www.so-cdu.ru/index.php?id=972&tx_ms1cdu_pi1 Federal Grid Company]. Data can be downloaded in csv or xml format limited to 24 hours (full day) per download. Profiles are available for the unified grid as a whole or per subregion. The website is in Russian, it is therefore advisable to use a translate function (e.g. in Chrome).

= Africa =

== Morocco ==

[http://www.one.ma/ http://www.one.ma/]

= North America =

== Canada ==

Historical hourly load data for the [http://www.ieso.ca/localContent/zonal.map/index.html Ontario area] in Canada, operated by the Indepedent Electricity System Operator (IESO), can be downloaded in CSV format from IESO's [http://www.ieso.ca/en/power-data/data-directory website].

Hourly load data, 2016 only, for the [https://www.google.ie/maps/place/Alberta,+Canada/@54.1652415,-123.9587151,5z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x5309b282a82419b5:0xb0a9479a409b8e9e!8m2!3d53.9332706!4d-116.5765035 Alberta Interconnected Electric System (AIES)] can be retrieved from the website of [https://www.aeso.ca/market/market-and-system-reporting/data-requests/2016-hourly-load-data/ Alberta Electric System Operator (AESO).]

== United States ==

Hourly load profiles for the period 2015-2017 are available on the website of the [https://www.eia.gov/beta/realtime_grid/#/data/table?end=20170904T00&start=20170828T00&bas=0&regions=ndvo EIA]. Data can be downloaded for the entire US, or seperately per region or balancing authority. Hourly load per balancing authority for years before 2016 can be accessed through the website of the [https://www.ferc.gov/docs-filing/forms/form-714/data.asp Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC).]

= Oceania =

== Australia ==

The [https://www.aemo.com.au/Electricity/National-Electricity-Market-NEM/Data-dashboard#aggregated-data data dashboard] of the Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO) includes half-hourly load data per month, per subregion, of the Australian National Electricity Market (NEM) downloadable for the period 1998-2017. The NEM consists of the regions Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Tasmania. In 2013 the NEM covered approximately 90% of Australia's grid connected electricity demand ([https://arena.gov.au/assets/2017/02/CSIRO-Electricity-market-analysis-for-IGEG.pdf p.13]). 

== New Zealand ==

The [https://www.emi.ea.govt.nz/Wholesale/Reports/W_GD_C?DateFrom=20100101&DateTo=20161231&_si=_dr_DateFrom|20150101,_dr_DateTo|20151231,_dr_RegionType|NZ,v|4 electricity market information (EMI) website] of New Zealand's Electricity Authority includes a database with half-hourly load data downloadable in CSV format for any customizable period from 2004 onwards. Data can be aggegrated for New Zealand as a whole, per subregion (5 in total) or per node.

= South America =

== Chile ==

The Coordinador Electrico Nacional, an independent corporation of the Chilean state, provides a wide variety of datasets regarding the power sector on their [https://sic.coordinadorelectrico.cl/informes-y-documentos/fichas/operacion-real/ website]. This includes hourly load data downloadable in aggegrated zip files per year. The zip file consists of seperate excel files per day of the year. All data and supporting information is in Spanish.