wiki.openmod-initiative.org - User contributions [en]

Linear

2018-01-24T09:54:31Z

Lilly Schoen: Created page with "{{GlossaryTermTemp |Definition=In mathematics and physical sciences, a linear system is a system where the change of the output is proportional to the change of the input. |S..."

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|Definition=In mathematics and physical sciences, a linear system is a system where the change of the output is proportional to the change of the input.
|Sources=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_system
}}

Wind turbine generator system

2018-01-24T09:01:10Z

Lilly Schoen:

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|Abbreviation=WTGS
|SubtermOf=Wind, Wind turbine
|Definition=A system which converts the kinetic wind energy into electric energy.
|Sources=http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=415-01-02
}}

Accounting framework

2018-01-24T08:46:55Z

Lilly Schoen:

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|SubtermOf=Framework
|Definition=Accounting frameworks determine different framework assupmtions in order to describe and differentiate between energy indicators. Ther are often used with regard to setting up energy balances to avoid double counting. Besides that, they can also be used to describe a progress in energy efficiency or to enable carbon dioxide savings.
|Sources=https://www.enargus.de/pub/bscw.cgi/d3448192-2/*/*/Bilanzierungsrahmen.html?search=accounting%20framework&jsearch=1&op=Wiki.getwiki
}}

Category talk:Glossary

2017-11-16T10:13:16Z

Lilly Schoen: <nice-discussions-summary>

<div class="NiceDiscussions START">

==Correct spelling==
Some terms use capital spelling, some not. What should be the rule? My suggestion: Only first letter capital. [[User:Ludwig Schneider|Ludwig Schneider]] 24 May 2016, 10:36 (CEST)
:How to change the name of the Term? [[User:Ludwig Schneider|Ludwig Schneider]] 24 May 2016, 11:05 (CEST)
==Superterms and subterms==
I do not understand why only the creator of a new page can add superterms and everyone besides the creator can add subterms. Is there a reason? [[User:Lilly Schoen|Lilly Schoen]] 9 November 2017, 15:02 (CET)
==Language==
Should we use British or American English? [[User:Lilly Schoen|Lilly Schoen]] 16 November 2017, 11:13 (CET)
</div>

Economic principle

2017-11-16T10:11:44Z

Lilly Schoen:

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|Ambiguities=Input-output relation
|Definition=The economic principle is a concept from the economic theory. The basic idea of the principle is that economic entities, e.g. companies or individuals, use scarce commodities/production factors according to their personal preferences to achieve a utility maximisation/profit maximisation.
|Sources=https://www.enargus.de/pub/bscw.cgi/d3463284-2/*/*/%c3%96konomisches%20Prinzip.html?op=Wiki.getwiki
}}

Economic principle

2017-11-16T10:11:15Z

Lilly Schoen:

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|Ambiguities=Input-output relation
|Definition=The economic principle is a concept from the economic theory. The basic idea of the principle is that economic entities, e.g. companies or individuals, use scarce commodities/production factors according to their personal preferences to achieve a utility maximization/profit maximisation.
|Sources=https://www.enargus.de/pub/bscw.cgi/d3463284-2/*/*/%c3%96konomisches%20Prinzip.html?op=Wiki.getwiki
}}

Economic principle

2017-11-16T10:10:51Z

Lilly Schoen: Created page with "{{GlossaryTermTemp |Ambiguities=Input-output relation |Definition=the economic principle is a concept from the economic theory. The basic idea of the principle is that economi..."

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|Ambiguities=Input-output relation
|Definition=the economic principle is a concept from the economic theory. The basic idea of the principle is that economic entities, e.g. companies or individuals, use scarce commodities/production factors according to their personal preferences to achieve a utility maximization/profit maximisation.
|Sources=https://www.enargus.de/pub/bscw.cgi/d3463284-2/*/*/%c3%96konomisches%20Prinzip.html?op=Wiki.getwiki
}}

Quantum dot solar cell

2017-11-16T09:18:53Z

Lilly Schoen:

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|Definition=Quantum dot solar cells have light-absorbing nanoparticles and are similar to multi-junction solar cells regarding their functioning. Quantum dots are semiconductor crystals in the nanometer range. They have similar characteristics to atoms which can be adapted to the requested application.

Quantum dots can improve the energy yield and the cell efficiency of a solar cell. The freely selectable configuration of quantum dots allows you to absorb light spectrums. Because of the multiple-layered quantum dots vast, shares of the light spectrum can be easily captured.
|Sources=https://www.enargus.de/pub/bscw.cgi/d3456938-2/*/*/Quantenpunktsolarzelle.html?op=Wiki.getwiki
}}

Quantum dot solar cell

2017-11-16T09:18:40Z

Lilly Schoen:

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|Definition=Quantum dot solar cells have light-absorbing nanoparticles and are similar to multi-junction solar cells regarding their functioning. Quantum dots are semiconductor crystals in the nanometer range. They have similar characteristics to atoms which can be adapted to the requested application.

Quantum dots can improve the energy yield and the cell efficiency of a solar cell. The freely selectable configuration of quantum dots allows you to absorb light spectrums. Because of the multiple-layered quantum dots vast shares of the light spectrum can be easily captured.
|Sources=https://www.enargus.de/pub/bscw.cgi/d3456938-2/*/*/Quantenpunktsolarzelle.html?op=Wiki.getwiki
}}

Quantum dot solar cell

2017-11-16T09:18:17Z

Lilly Schoen:

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|Definition=Quantum dot solar cells have light-absorbing nanoparticles and are similar to multi-junction solar cells regarding their functioning. Quantum dots are semiconductor crystals in the nanometer range. They have similar characteristics to atoms which can be adapted to the requested application.

Quantum dots can improve the energy yield and the cell efficiency of a solar cell. The freely selectable configuration of quantum dots allows you to absorb light spectrums. Because of the multiple-layered quantum dots vast shares of the light spectrum can easily captured.
|Sources=https://www.enargus.de/pub/bscw.cgi/d3456938-2/*/*/Quantenpunktsolarzelle.html?op=Wiki.getwiki
}}

Quantum dot solar cell

2017-11-16T09:17:05Z

Lilly Schoen:

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|Definition=Quantum dot solar cells have light-absorbing nanoparticles and are similar to multi-junction solar cells regarding their functioning. Quantum dots are semiconductor crystals in the nanometer range. They have similar characteristics to atoms which can be adapted to the requested application.

Quantum dots can improve the energy yield and the cell efficiency of a solar cell. The freely selectable configuration of quantum dots allows you to absorb light spectrums. Because of the multiple layers of quantum dots vast shares of the light spectrum can easily captured.
|Sources=https://www.enargus.de/pub/bscw.cgi/d3456938-2/*/*/Quantenpunktsolarzelle.html?op=Wiki.getwiki
}}

Quantum dot solar cell

2017-11-16T09:16:34Z

Lilly Schoen:

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|Definition=Quantum dot solar cells have light-absorbing nanoparticles and are similar to multi-junction solar cells regarding their functioning. Quantum dots are semiconductor crystals in the nanometer range. They have similar characteristics like atoms which can be adapted to the requested application.

Quantum dots can improve the energy yield and the cell efficiency of a solar cell. The freely selectable configuration of quantum dots allows you to absorb light spectrums. Because of the multiple layers of quantum dots vast shares of the light spectrum can easily captured.
|Sources=https://www.enargus.de/pub/bscw.cgi/d3456938-2/*/*/Quantenpunktsolarzelle.html?op=Wiki.getwiki
}}

Quantum dot solar cell

2017-11-16T09:16:05Z

Lilly Schoen:

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|Definition=Quantum dot solar cells have light-absorbing nanoparticles and are similar to multi-junction solar cells regarding their functioning. The quantum dots are semiconductor crystals in the nanometer range. They have similar characteristics like atoms which can be adapted to the requested application.

Quantum dots can improve the energy yield and the cell efficiency of a solar cell. The freely selectable configuration of quantum dots allows you to absorb light spectrums. Because of the multiple layers of quantum dots vast shares of the light spectrum can easily captured.
|Sources=https://www.enargus.de/pub/bscw.cgi/d3456938-2/*/*/Quantenpunktsolarzelle.html?op=Wiki.getwiki
}}

Quantum dot solar cell

2017-11-16T09:15:49Z

Lilly Schoen: Created page with "{{GlossaryTermTemp |Definition=Quantum dot solar cells have light-absorbing nanoparticles and is similar to multi-junction solar cells regarding their functioning. The quantum..."

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|Definition=Quantum dot solar cells have light-absorbing nanoparticles and is similar to multi-junction solar cells regarding their functioning. The quantum dots are semiconductor crystals in the nanometer range. They have similar characteristics like atoms which can be adapted to the requested application.

Quantum dots can improve the energy yield and the cell efficiency of a solar cell. The freely selectable configuration of quantum dots allows you to absorb light spectrums. Because of the multiple layers of quantum dots vast shares of the light spectrum can easily captured.
|Sources=https://www.enargus.de/pub/bscw.cgi/d3456938-2/*/*/Quantenpunktsolarzelle.html?op=Wiki.getwiki
}}

P-N junction

2017-11-16T08:16:18Z

Lilly Schoen:

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|SubtermOf=Semiconductor electronics
|Definition=1. A p–n junction is a boundary or interface between two types of semiconductor material, p-type and n-type, inside a single crystal of semiconductor. The "p" (positive) side contains an excess of holes, while the "n" (negative) side contains an excess of electrons. The p-n junction is created by doping, for example by ion implantation, diffusion of dopants, or by epitaxy (growing a layer of crystal doped with one type of dopant on top of a layer of crystal doped with another type of dopant). If two separate pieces of material were used, this would introduce a grain boundary between the semiconductors that would severely inhibit its utility by scattering the electrons and holes.
2. When a p-type semiconductor is brought into a close contact with n-type semiconductor crystal, the resulting arrangement is a PN junction or junction diode. On account of difference in concentration of charge carriers in the two sections, the electrons from n-region diffuses through the junction into p region and the holes from p-region diffuse into n-region. Due to this the electron falls into the vacancy i.e., it completes the covalent bond. This process is called electron-hole recombination. As a result of the migration of charge carriers across the junction, the electrons leave ionised donor atoms which are bound and cannot move. Similarly, the p-region of the junction will have ionised acceptor atoms which are immobile.
|Sources=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%E2%80%93n_junction (1.); http://www.tutorvista.com/content/physics/physics-iv/semiconductor-devices/p-n-junction.php (2.)
}}
Author: Simon Waterstradt

Data Cloud - Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets

2017-11-16T07:31:38Z

Lilly Schoen:

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|Abbreviation=Cloud
|Ambiguities=Cloud Computing
|SubtermOf=Cloud
|Definition=1. Is a type of Internet-based computing that does not provide shared computer processing resources and data to computers and other devices on demand. It is a model for enabling ubiquitous, on-demand access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., computer networks, servers, storage, applications and services),which can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort. Cloud computing and storage solutions provide users and enterprises with various capabilities to store and process their data in either privately owned, or third-party data centers[3]that may be located far from the user–ranging in distance from across a city to across the world. Cloud computing relies on sharing of resources to achieve coherence and economy of scale, similar to a utility (like the electricity grid) over an electricity network.

2. loud computing is a type of computing that relies on sharing computing resources rather than having local servers or personal devices to handle applications.
In cloud computing, the word cloud (also phrased as "the cloud") is used as a metaphor for "the Internet," so the phrase cloud computing means "a type of Internet-based computing," where different services — such as servers, storage and applications — are delivered to an organization's computers and devices through the Internet.
|Sources=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing (1.); http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/cloud_computing.html (2.)
}}
Author: David Khedr

Voronoi diagram

2017-11-16T07:29:39Z

Lilly Schoen:

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|Ambiguities=Dirichlet tessellation
|Definition=1. A Voronoi diagram is a subdivision of space.
2. The partitioning of a plane with n points into convex polygons such that each polygon contains exactly one generating point and every point in a given polygon is closer to its generating point than to any other.(mathematics)
|Sources=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronoi_diagram; http://mathworld.wolfram.com/VoronoiDiagram.html
}}
[http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/voronoi http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/voronoi]

Voronoi diagram

2017-11-16T07:29:00Z

Lilly Schoen:

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|Ambiguities=Dirichlet tessellation
|Definition=1. A Voronoi diagram is a subdivision of space.
2. The partitioning of a plane with n points into convex polygons such that each polygon contains exactly one generating point and every point in a given polygon is closer to its generating point than to any other.(mathematics)
|Sources=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronoi_diagram (1.); http://mathworld.wolfram.com/VoronoiDiagram.html (2.)
}}
[http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/voronoi http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/voronoi]

VDI 4800

2017-11-15T10:59:17Z

Lilly Schoen: Created page with "{{GlossaryTermTemp |Definition=VDI 4800 resource efficiency consists of a method to determine the resource efficiency of a company and states measures to increase it. The ..."

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|Definition=VDI 4800 resource efficiency consists of a method to determine the resource efficiency of a company and states measures to increase it.

The following resources are considered natural resources by the method: renewable and non renewable primary raw materials, area, flowing resources (e. g. geothermal energy, wind energy, tidal energy and solar energy), environmental media(water, soil, air) and ecosystems.

The guidelines provide different approaches and assistances to develop strategies dealing with resource efficiency. Additionally they also show which stages of life are influenced by implementing certain mesures.

To determine the quantitative use of resources the guidelines point out the following indicators: raw material indicators (VDI 4800 paper 2), energy indicators (VDI 4600) and indicators for ecosystem services (VDI 4800 paper 3).
|Sources=https://www.enargus.de/pub/bscw.cgi/d3461717-2/*/*/VDI-Richtlinie%204800.html?op=Wiki.getwiki&scope=all&search=low-temperature%20battery
}}

Lithium-ion battery

2017-11-15T10:07:36Z

Lilly Schoen:

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|Ambiguities=Li-ion battery
|SubtermOf=Electrochemical energy storage,
|Definition=Lithium-ion battery is a superterm for a huge nummber of battery versions. Electrodes and electrolytes require a lot of different materials in a variety of combinations. Through these new cell types have emerged and are emerging which makes a summary about the different lithium-ion batteries impossible.

A few examples for different lithium-ion batteries are: lithium titanate batteries (LTO), lithium- cobaltdioxid batteries (LCO), lithium-manganese batteries(LMO, LNMO), lithium-polymer batteries, lithium-iron phosphate batteries (LFP), lithium-air batteries or tin-sulphur-lithium-ion batteries.

The positive electrode of a lithium-ion battery usallay consists of lithium alloys or lithium-metal oxides. The negative electrode consists of graphite, silicon or lithium-titanates.

Electrolytes are liquid and often organic. They can also exist in a (nearly) solid state through gelation. Since lithium is rather reactive with water aqueous electrolytes cannot be used.

Li-ion batteries are mainly used for portable divices with a high demand for energy like laptops, cameras, mobile phones etc. They are also used in the field of electromobility for pedelecs, e-cars or hybrid cars.
|Sources=https://www.enargus.de/pub/bscw.cgi/d1710512-2/*/*/Li-Ionen-Akkumulator.html?op=Wiki.getwiki&search=carbon
}}

Lithium-ion battery

2017-11-15T10:06:46Z

Lilly Schoen:

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|Ambiguities=Li-ion batteries
|SubtermOf=Electrochemical energy storage,
|Definition=Lithium-ion battery is a superterm for a huge nummber of battery versions. Electrodes and electrolytes require a lot of different materials in a variety of combinations. Through these new cell types have emerged and are emerging which makes a summary about the different lithium-ion batteries impossible.

A few examples for different lithium-ion batteries are: lithium titanate batteries (LTO), lithium- cobaltdioxid batteries (LCO), lithium-manganese batteries(LMO, LNMO), lithium-polymer batteries, lithium-iron phosphate batteries (LFP), lithium-air batteries or tin-sulphur-lithium-ion batteries.

The positive electrode of a lithium-ion battery usallay consists of lithium alloys or lithium-metal oxides. The negative electrode consists of graphite, silicon or lithium-titanates.

Electrolytes are liquid and often organic. They can also exist in a (nearly) solid state through gelation. Since lithium is rather reactive with water aqueous electrolytes cannot be used.

Li-ion batteries are mainly used for portable divices with a high demand for energy like laptops, cameras, mobile phones etc. They are also used in the field of electromobility for pedelecs, e-cars or hybrid cars.
|Sources=https://www.enargus.de/pub/bscw.cgi/d1710512-2/*/*/Li-Ionen-Akkumulator.html?op=Wiki.getwiki&search=carbon
}}

Lithium-ion battery

2017-11-15T10:06:06Z

Lilly Schoen:

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|Ambiguities=Li-ion batteries
|SubtermOf=Electrochemical energy storage,
|Definition=Lithium-ion battery is a superterm for a huge nummber of battery versions. Electrodes and electrolytes require a lot of different materials in a variety of combinations. Through these new cell types have emerged and are emerging which makes a summary about the different lithium-ion batteries impossible.

A few examples for different lithium-ion batteries are: lithium titanate batteries (LTO), lithium- cobaltdioxid batteries (LCO), lithium-manganese batteries(LMO, LNMO), lithium-polymer batteries, lithium-iron phosphate batteries (LFP), lithium-air batteries or tin-sulphur-lithium-ion batteries.

The positive electrode of a lithium-ion battery usallay consists of lithium alloys or lithium-metal oxides. The negative electrode consists of graphite, silicon or lithium-titanates.

Electrolytes are liquid and often organic. They can also exist in a (nearly) solid state through gelation. Since lithium is rather reactive, e.g. with water, aqueous electrolytes cannot be used.

Li-ion batteries are mainly used for portable divices with a high demand for energy like laptops, cameras, mobile phones etc. They are also used in the field of electromobility for pedelecs, e-cars or hybrid cars.
|Sources=https://www.enargus.de/pub/bscw.cgi/d1710512-2/*/*/Li-Ionen-Akkumulator.html?op=Wiki.getwiki&search=carbon
}}

Lithium-ion battery

2017-11-15T10:04:43Z

Lilly Schoen:

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|Ambiguities=Li-ion batteries
|SubtermOf=Electrochemical energy storage,
|Definition=Lithium-ion battery is a superterm for a huge nummber of battery versions. Electrodes and electrolytes require a lot of different materials in a variety of combinations. Through these new cell types have emerged and are emerging which makes a summary about the different lithium-ion batteries impossible.

A few examples for different lithium-ion batteries are: lithium titanate batteries (LTO), lithium- cobaltdioxid batteries (LCO), lithium-manganese batteries(LMO, LNMO), lithium-polymer batteries, lithium-iron phosphate batteries (LFP), lithium-air batteries or tin-sulphur-lithium-ion batteries.

The positive electrode of a lithium-ion battery usallay consists of lithium alloys or lithium-metal oxides. The negative electrode consists of graphite, silicon or lithium-titanates.

Electrolytes are liquid and often organic. They can also exist in a (nearly) solid state through gelation. Since lithium is rather reaktive, e.g. with water, aqueous electrolytes cannot be used.

Li-ion batteries are mainly used for portable divices with a high demand for energy like laptops, cameras, mobile phones etc. They are also used in the field of electromobility for pedelecs, e-cars or hybrid cars.
|Sources=https://www.enargus.de/pub/bscw.cgi/d1710512-2/*/*/Li-Ionen-Akkumulator.html?op=Wiki.getwiki&search=carbon
}}

Lithium-ion battery

2017-11-15T10:04:08Z

Lilly Schoen: Created page with "{{GlossaryTermTemp |Ambiguities=Li-ion batteries |SubtermOf=Electrochemical energy storage, |Definition=Lithium-ion battery is a superterm for a huge nummber of battery versi..."

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|Ambiguities=Li-ion batteries
|SubtermOf=Electrochemical energy storage,
|Definition=Lithium-ion battery is a superterm for a huge nummber of battery versions. Electrodes and electrolytes require a lot of different materials in a variety of combinations. Through this new cell types have emerged and are emerging which makes a summary about the different lithium-ion batteries impossible.

A few examples for different lithium-ion batteries are: lithium titanate batteries (LTO), lithium- cobaltdioxid batteries (LCO), lithium-manganese batteries(LMO, LNMO), lithium-polymer batteries, lithium-iron phosphate batteries (LFP), lithium-air batteries or tin-sulphur-lithium-ion batteries.

The positive electrode of a lithium-ion battery usallay consists of lithium alloys or lithium-metal oxides. The negative electrode consists of graphite, silicon or lithium-titanates.

Electrolytes are liquid and often organic. They can also exist in a (nearly) solid state through gelation. Since lithium is rather reaktive, e.g. with water, aqueous electrolytes cannot be used.

Li-ion batteries are mainly used for portable divices with a high demand for energy like laptops, cameras, mobile phones etc. They are also used in the field of electromobility for pedelecs, e-cars or hybrid cars.
|Sources=https://www.enargus.de/pub/bscw.cgi/d1710512-2/*/*/Li-Ionen-Akkumulator.html?op=Wiki.getwiki&search=carbon
}}

Vector Data

2017-11-14T07:59:48Z

Lilly Schoen:

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|SubtermOf=Geographic information system
|Definition=1. A representation of the world using points, lines, and polygons. Vector models are useful for storing data that has discrete boundaries, such as country borders, land parcels, and streets.

2. In vector data the features are recorded one by one, with shape being defined by the numerical values of the pairs of xy coordinates. A point is defined by a single pair of coordinate values. A line is defined by a sequence of coordinate pairs defining the points through which the line is drawn. An area is defined in a similar way, only with the first and last points joined to make a complete enclosure.
|Sources=http://support.esri.com/other-resources/gis-dictionary/term/vector%20data%20model (1.); https://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/support/understanding-gis/raster-vector.html (2.)
}}
Author: Thomas D.

Biomass

2017-11-14T07:54:23Z

Lilly Schoen: Created page with "{{GlossaryTermTemp |SubtermOf=Organic substances, Carbon, |Definition=Biomass is a superterm of organic substances growing up naturally. Organic equals carbonaceous. Biomass ..."

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|SubtermOf=Organic substances, Carbon,
|Definition=Biomass is a superterm of organic substances growing up naturally. Organic equals carbonaceous. Biomass can be divided in primary products and secondary products. Primary products are formed through photosynthesis, while secondary products are formed from decomposition or modification of organic substances.
|Sources=https://www.enargus.de/pub/bscw.cgi/d1708657-2/*/*/Biomasse.html?op=Wiki.getwiki
}}

Air mass coefficient

2017-11-14T07:38:37Z

Lilly Schoen:

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|Abbreviation=AM
|Ambiguities=Air mass factor
|Definition=The Air mass coefficient (AM) describes the thickness of the atmosphere. The light radiation has to penetrate different layers of the atmosphere before hitting the earth's surface, depending on the sun's posiotion. The measured value depicts the relation between the path of light and the shortes way through the atmosphere.

An AM of 1 defines a vertical entry of radiation in the atmosphere and a vertical impingement on the earth's surface. The lower the sun is, the longer is the path of light through the atmosphere. During that process certain wavelengths of the light spectrum are mitigated through interaction with air molecules. This has a negative impact on the power of solar plants.

The standard test conditions of photovoltaic plants state an AM of 1,5. The measured value above the atmosphere is 0.
|Sources=https://www.enargus.de/pub/bscw.cgi/d3447345-2/*/*/Air-Mass-Zahl.html?op=Wiki.getwiki&scope=all&search=energieumwandlung
}}

Air mass coefficient

2017-11-14T07:37:37Z

Lilly Schoen:

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|Abbreviation=AM
|Ambiguities=Air mass factor
|Definition=The Air mass coefficient (AM) describes the thickness of the atmosphere. The light radiation has to penetrate different layers of the atmosphere before hitting the earth's surface, depending on the sun's posiotion. The measured value depicts the relation between the path of light and the shortes way through the atmosphere.

An AM of 1 defines a vertical entry of radiation in the atmosphere and a vertical impingement on the earth's surface. The lower the sun is, the longer is the path of light through the atmosphere. During that process certain wavelengths of the light spectrum are mitigated through interaction with air molecules. This has a negative impact on the power of solar plants. The standard test conditions of photovoltaic plants state an AM of 1,5. The measured value above the atmosphere is 0.
|Sources=https://www.enargus.de/pub/bscw.cgi/d3447345-2/*/*/Air-Mass-Zahl.html?op=Wiki.getwiki&scope=all&search=energieumwandlung
}}

Air mass coefficient

2017-11-14T07:36:47Z

Lilly Schoen:

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|Abbreviation=AM
|Ambiguities=Air mass factor
|Definition=The Air mass coefficient (AM) describes the thickness of the atmosphere. The light radiation has to penetrate different layers of the atmosphere before hitting the earth's surface, depending on the sun's posiotion. The measured value depicts the relation between the path of light and the shortes way through the atmosphere.

An AM of 1 definies a vertical entry of radiation in the atmosphere and a vertical impingement on the earth's surface. The lower the sun is, the longer is the path of light through the atmosphere. During that process certain wavelengths of the light spectrum are mitigated through interaction with air molecules. This has a negative impact on the power of solar plants. The standard test conditions of photovoltaic plants state an AM of 1,5. The measured value above the atmosphere is 0.
|Sources=https://www.enargus.de/pub/bscw.cgi/d3447345-2/*/*/Air-Mass-Zahl.html?op=Wiki.getwiki&scope=all&search=energieumwandlung
}}

Hybrid power plant

2017-11-13T15:44:40Z

Lilly Schoen:

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|Ambiguities=hybrid power station
|Definition=A hybrid power plant describes a power plant where different energy transformation processes and energy generation processes are linked with eachother. A hybridpower plant is used for electricity generation, fuel production and heat generation of different primary energy sources. In the process multiple conversion plants get connected with storages and energy consumers. Renewable energy plants and energy plants based on fossil fuels belong to conversion plants. The energy consumers are heating network, petrol stations, gas networks and supply networks.

A hybrid power plant can combine multiple conversion plants in itself to increase their efficiency and to make them more flexible. Because of this, fluctuations of energy scources can be balanced and the energy needs-based generated.
|Sources=https://www.enargus.de/pub/bscw.cgi/d3452477-2/*/*/Hybrid-Kraftwerk.html?op=Wiki.getwiki&search=energieumwandlung&scope=all
}}

Hybrid power plant

2017-11-13T15:44:12Z

Lilly Schoen:

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|Ambiguities=hybrid power station
|Definition=A hybrid power plant describes a power plant where different energy transformation processes and energy generation processes are linked with eachother. A hybridpower plant is used for electricity generation, fuel production and heat generation of different primary energy sources. In the process multiple conversion plants get connected with storages and energy consumers and optimized. Renewable energy plants and energy plants based on fossil fuels belong to conversion plants. The energy consumers are heating network, petrol stations, gas networks and supply networks.

A hybrid power plant can combine multiple conversion plants in itself to increase their efficiency and to make them more flexible. Because of this, fluctuations of energy scources can be balanced and the energy needs-based generated.
|Sources=https://www.enargus.de/pub/bscw.cgi/d3452477-2/*/*/Hybrid-Kraftwerk.html?op=Wiki.getwiki&search=energieumwandlung&scope=all
}}

Hybrid power plant

2017-11-13T15:42:24Z

Lilly Schoen: Created page with "{{GlossaryTermTemp |Ambiguities=hybrid power station |Definition=A hybrid power plant describes a power plant where different energy transformation processes and energy genera..."

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|Ambiguities=hybrid power station
|Definition=A hybrid power plant describes a power plant where different energy transformation processes and energy generation processes are linked with eachother. A hybridpower plant is used for electricity generation, fuel production and heat generation of different primary energy sources. Multiple conversion plants get connected with storages and energy consumers and optimized. Renewable energy plants and energy plants based on fossil fuels belong to conversion plants. The energy consumers are heating network, petrol stations, gas networks and supply networks.

A hybrid power plant can combine multiple conversion plants in itself to increase their efficiency and to make them more flexible. Because of this, fluctuations of energy scources can be balanced and the energy needs-based generated.
|Sources=https://www.enargus.de/pub/bscw.cgi/d3452477-2/*/*/Hybrid-Kraftwerk.html?op=Wiki.getwiki&search=energieumwandlung&scope=all
}}

Air mass coefficient

2017-11-13T13:41:07Z

Lilly Schoen:

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|Abbreviation=AM
|Ambiguities=Air mass factor
|Definition=The Air mass coefficient (AM) describes the thickness of the atmosphere. The light radiation has to penetrate different layers of the atmosphere before hitting the earth's surface, depnding on the sun's posiotion. The measured value depicts the relation between the path of light and the shortes way through the atmosphere.

An AM of 1 definies a vertical entry of radiation in the atmosphere and a vertical impingement on the earth's surface. The lower the sun is, the longer is the path of light through the atmosphere. During that process certain wavelengths of the light spectrum are mitigated through interaction with air molecules. This has a negative impact on the power of solar plants. The standard test conditions of photovoltaic plants state an AM of 1,5. The measured value above the atmosphere is 0.
|Sources=https://www.enargus.de/pub/bscw.cgi/d3447345-2/*/*/Air-Mass-Zahl.html?op=Wiki.getwiki&scope=all&search=energieumwandlung
}}

Air mass coefficient

2017-11-13T13:40:35Z

Lilly Schoen:

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|Abbreviation=AM
|Ambiguities=Air mass factor
|Definition=The Air mass coefficient (AM) describes the thickness of the atmosphere. The light radiation has to penetrate different layers of the atmosphere before hitting the earth's surface, depnding on the sun's posiotion. The measured value depicts the relation between the path of light and the shortes way through the atmosphere.

An AM of 1 definies a vertical entry of radiation in the atmosphere and a vertical impingement on the earth's surface. The lower the sun is, the longer is the path of light through the atmosphere. During that process certaim wavelengths of the light spectrum are mitigated through interaction with air molecules. This has a negative impact on the power of solar plants. The standard test conditions of photovoltaic plants state an AM of 1,5. The measured value above the atmosphere is 0.
|Sources=https://www.enargus.de/pub/bscw.cgi/d3447345-2/*/*/Air-Mass-Zahl.html?op=Wiki.getwiki&scope=all&search=energieumwandlung
}}

Air mass coefficient

2017-11-13T13:39:49Z

Lilly Schoen: Created page with "{{GlossaryTermTemp |Abbreviation=AM |Ambiguities=Air mass factor |Definition=The Air mass coefficient (AM) describes the thickness of the atmosphere. The light radiation has t..."

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|Abbreviation=AM
|Ambiguities=Air mass factor
|Definition=The Air mass coefficient (AM) describes the thickness of the atmosphere. The light radiation has to penetrate different layers of the atmosphere before hitting the earth's surface, depnding on the sun's posiotion. The measured value depicts the relation between the path of light and the shortes way through the atmosphere. An AM of 1 definies a vertical entry of radiation in the atmosphere and a vertical impingement on the earth's surface. The lower the sun is, the longer is the path of light through the atmosphere. During that process certaim wavelengths of the light spectrum are mitigated through interaction with air molecules. This has a negative impact on the power of solar plants. The standard test conditions of photovoltaic plants state an AM of 1,5. The measured value above the atmosphere is 0.
|Sources=https://www.enargus.de/pub/bscw.cgi/d3447345-2/*/*/Air-Mass-Zahl.html?op=Wiki.getwiki&scope=all&search=energieumwandlung
}}

Energy storage

2017-11-13T11:09:50Z

Lilly Schoen:

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|Ambiguities=Storage
|Definition=1. Device or physical media that stores energy to perform useful processes at a later time.
|Sources=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_storage
}}

Albedo

2017-11-13T10:16:31Z

Lilly Schoen:

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|SubtermOf=Reflectivity
|Definition=1. Albedo is the fraction of solar energy (shortwave radiation) reflected from the Earth back into space. It is a measure of the reflectivity of the earth's surface.
2. Albedo is a measure of the reflectivity of a surface. The albedo effect when applied to the Earth is a measure of how much of the Sun's energy is reflected back into space.
|Sources=https://www.esr.org/outreach/glossary/albedo.html (1.); https://www.skepticalscience.com/earth-albedo-effect.htm (2.)
}}
Author: Charly Krüger

Carbon Capture and Storage

2017-11-13T09:55:57Z

Lilly Schoen:

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|Abbreviation=CCS
|Ambiguities=Carbon Capture and Sequestration
|Definition=1. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) (or carbon capture and sequestration) is the process of capturing waste carbon dioxide (CO2) from large point sources, such as fossil fuel power plants, transporting it to a storage site, and depositing it where it will not enter the atmosphere, normally an underground geological formation.

2. Furthermore, the use of CCS with renewable biomass is one of the few carbon abatement technologies that can be used in a 'carbon-negative' mode – actually taking carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere.

The CCS chain consists of three parts; capturing the carbon dioxide, transporting the carbon dioxide, and securely storing the carbon dioxide emissions, underground in depleted oil and gas fields or deep saline aquifer formations.

First, capture technologies allow the separation of carbon dioxide from gases produced in electricity generation and industrial processes by one of three methods: pre-combustion capture, post-combustion capture and oxyfuel combustion.

Carbon dioxide is then transported by pipeline or by ship for safe storage. Millions of tonnes of carbon dioxide are already transported annually for commercial purposes by road tanker, ship and pipelines. The carbon dioxide is then stored in carefully selected geological rock formation that are typically located several kilometres below the earth's surface.
|Sources=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_capture_and_storage (1.); http://www.ccsassociation.org/what-is-ccs/ (2.)
}}

Carbon Capture and Storage

2017-11-13T09:54:50Z

Lilly Schoen:

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|Abbreviation=CCS
|Ambiguities=Carbon Capture and Sequestration
|Definition=1. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) (or carbon capture and sequestration) is the process of capturing waste carbon dioxide (CO2) from large point sources, such as fossil fuel power plants, transporting it to a storage site, and depositing it where it will not enter the atmosphere, normally an underground geological formation.

2. Furthermore, the use of CCS with renewable biomass is one of the few carbon abatement technologies that can be used in a 'carbon-negative' mode – actually taking carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere.

The CCS chain consists of three parts; capturing the carbon dioxide, transporting the carbon dioxide, and securely storing the carbon dioxide emissions, underground in depleted oil and gas fields or deep saline aquifer formations.

First, capture technologies allow the separation of carbon dioxide from gases produced in electricity generation and industrial processes by one of three methods: pre-combustion capture, post-combustion capture and oxyfuel combustion.

Carbon dioxide is then transported by pipeline or by ship for safe storage. Millions of tonnes of carbon dioxide are already transported annually for commercial purposes by road tanker, ship and pipelines. The U.S. has four decades of experience of transporting carbon dioxide by pipeline for enhanced oil recovery projects.

The carbon dioxide is then stored in carefully selected geological rock formation that are typically located several kilometres below the earth's surface.
|Sources=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_capture_and_storage (1.); http://www.ccsassociation.org/what-is-ccs/ (2.)
}}

Combined Cooling Heating and Power

2017-11-13T09:11:05Z

Lilly Schoen:

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|Abbreviation=CCHP
|Ambiguities=Trigeneration
|SubtermOf=Cogeneration
|Definition=1. The simultaneous generation of electricity and useful heating and cooling from the combustion of a fuel or a solar heat collector.
2. Trigeneration or combined cooling, heat and power (CCHP), is the process by which some of the heat produced by a cogeneration plant is used to generate chilled water for air conditioning or refrigeration. An absorption chiller is linked to the combined heat and power (CHP) to provide this functionality.

benefits:
- high efficiency production electricity and heat
- reduced fuel and energy costs
- lower electrical usage during peak summer demand
- engine heat can be used to produce steam of hot water for onsite use
- significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions
- no harmful chemical pollutants since water is used as the refrigerant
- beneficial for improving building's energy efficiency ratings
|Sources=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cogeneration (1.); https://www.clarke-energy.com/gas-engines/trigeneration/ (2.)
}}

Combined Cooling Heating and Power

2017-11-13T09:10:08Z

Lilly Schoen:

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|Abbreviation=CCHP
|Ambiguities=Trigeneration
|SubtermOf=Cogeneration
|Definition=1. The simultaneous generation of electricity and useful heating and cooling from the combustion of a fuel or a solar heat collector.
2. Trigeneration or combined cooling, heat and power (CCHP), is the process by which some of the heat produced by a cogeneration plant is used to generate chilled water for air conditioning or refrigeration. An absorption chiller is linked to the combined heat and power (CHP) to provide this functionality.

benefits: - high efficiency production
electricity and heat
- reduced fuel and energy costs
- lower electrical usage during peak summer demand
- engine heat can be used to produce steam of hot water for onsite use
- significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions
- no harmful chemical pollutants since water is used as the refrigerant
- beneficial for improving building's energy efficiency ratings
|Sources=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cogeneration (1.); https://www.clarke-energy.com/gas-engines/trigeneration/ (2.)
}}

Combined Cooling Heating and Power

2017-11-13T09:09:25Z

Lilly Schoen:

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|Abbreviation=CCHP
|Ambiguities=Trigeneration
|SubtermOf=Cogeneration
|Definition=1. The simultaneous generation of electricity and useful heating and cooling from the combustion of a fuel or a solar heat collector.
2. Trigeneration or combined cooling, heat and power (CCHP), is the process by which some of the heat produced by a cogeneration plant is used to generate chilled water for air conditioning or refrigeration. An absorption chiller is linked to the combined heat and power (CHP) to provide this functionality.

benefits: - high efficiency production
electricity and heat
- reduced fuel and energy costs
- lower electrical usage during peak
summer demand
- engine heat can be used to produce
steam of hot water for onsite use
- significant reductions in greenhouse
gas emissions
- no harmful chemical pollutants since
water is used as the refrigerant
- beneficial for improving building's energy efficiency ratings
|Sources=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cogeneration (1.); https://www.clarke-energy.com/gas-engines/trigeneration/ (2.)
}}

Combined Cooling Heating and Power

2017-11-13T09:08:49Z

Lilly Schoen:

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|Abbreviation=CCHP
|Ambiguities=Trigeneration
|SubtermOf=Cogeneration
|Definition=1. The simultaneous generation of electricity and useful heating and cooling from the combustion of a fuel or a solar heat collector.
2. Trigeneration or combined cooling, heat and power (CCHP), is the process by which some of the heat produced by a cogeneration plant is used to generate chilled water for air conditioning or refrigeration. An absorption chiller is linked to the combined heat and power (CHP) to provide this functionality.

benefits: - high efficiency production
electricity and heat
- reduced fuel and energy costs
- lower electrical usage during peak
summer demand
- engine heat can be used to produce
steam of hot water for onsite use
- significant reductions in greenhouse
gas emissions
- no harmful chemical pollutants since
water is used as the refrigerant
- beneficial for improving building's
energy efficiency ratings
|Sources=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cogeneration (1.); https://www.clarke-energy.com/gas-engines/trigeneration/ (2.)
}}

Array Orientation

2017-11-13T08:57:33Z

Lilly Schoen:

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|Ambiguities=Location, direction, placement
|SubtermOf=Irradiation, Photovoltaic Module
|Definition=1. Array orientation is an important input to any PV performance model calculation. Array orientation is usually described as either fixed tilt or tracked. A fixed tilt orientation is one that does not move. A tracked array’s orientation changes with time as the tracker moves the array in an attempt to reduce the angle of incidence between the sun and the array. There are a number of different types of trackers, which are defined by how they move. Array orientation is described by vectors of the array tilt angle and the array azimuth angle for each time interval in the calculation.
2. Installing modules in a sunny, shade-free spot and pointing them toward the sun could be considered common sense to many, but properly orienting and tilting your array for optimal performance is not as intuitive. A PV array’s output is proportional to the direct sunlight it receives. Even though PV modules produce some energy in a shady location or without ideal orientation, system costs are high enough that most will want to maximize energy yield.
|Sources=https://pvpmc.sandia.gov/modeling-steps/1-weather-design-inputs/array-orientation/ (1.); https://www.homepower.com/articles/solar-electricity/design-installation/optimizing-pv-array-orientation-tilt. (2.)
}}
Author: Anas Naddour

White box model

2017-11-13T08:37:11Z

Lilly Schoen:

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|Ambiguities=glass box
|SubtermOf=Model,
|Definition=Machine or system whose internal structure or processing is known in addition to the knowledge about its inputs, outputs, and the relationship between them.

|Sources=http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/white-box.html
}}
<div style="position: absolute; left: -99999px">Machine or system whose internal structure or processing is known in addition to the knowledge about its inputs, outputs, and the relationship between them. Read more: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/white-box.html</div>

Substation

2017-11-10T10:32:53Z

Lilly Schoen:

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|Definition=1. Substations transform voltage from one level to another. Between the power generating and consumer, electric power may flow through several substations at different voltage levels.

2. A substation is part of elektrical networks of a network operator and connects different voltage levels. Substations consist of power transformers and switchgears.
Substations are able to carry out important switching operations for the operation of the elektrical network. Besides switching in certain load situations they can also do activations for maintenance work.
From an operational view substation-busbars depict network nodes. Substations usually consist of multiple network nodes. The structure of substations is adapted to the current task.
|Sources=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_substation (1.); https://www.enargus.de/pub/bscw.cgi/d1712454-2/*/*/Umspannanlage.html?scope=all&search=Substation&op=Wiki.getwiki (2.)
}}

Substation

2017-11-10T10:32:12Z

Lilly Schoen:

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|Definition=1. Substations transform voltage from one level to another. Between the power generating and consumer, electric power may flow through several substations at different voltage levels.

2. A substation is part of elektrical networks of a network operator and connects different voltage levels. Substations consist of power transformers and switchgears.
Substations are able to carry out important switching operations for the operation of the elektrical network. Besides switching in certain load situations they can also do activations for maintenance work.
From an operational view substation-busbars depict network nodes. Substations usally consist of multiple network nodes. The structure of substations is adapted to the current task.
|Sources=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_substation (1.); https://www.enargus.de/pub/bscw.cgi/d1712454-2/*/*/Umspannanlage.html?scope=all&search=Substation&op=Wiki.getwiki (2.)
}}

Mixed integer linear problem

2017-11-10T08:54:42Z

Lilly Schoen:

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|Abbreviation=MILP
|Definition=A mixed-integer linear program is a problem with

- linear objective function, fTx, where f is a column vector of constants, and x is the column vector of unknowns

- bounds and linear constraints, but no nonlinear constraints (for definitions, see Write Constraints)

- restrictions on some components of x to have integer values

In mathematical terms, given vectors f, lb, and ub, matrices A and Aeq, corresponding vectors b and beq, and a set of indices intcon, find a vector x to solve.
|Sources=https://de.mathworks.com/help/optim/ug/mixed-integer-linear-programming-algorithms.html?requestedDomain=www.mathworks.com#btv2z9c
}}
minxfTx subject to {x(intcon) are integersA⋅x≤bAeq⋅x=beqlb≤x≤ub.

Mixed integer linear problem

2017-11-10T08:54:08Z

Lilly Schoen:

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|Abbreviation=MILP
|Definition=A mixed-integer linear program is a problem with

- Linear objective function, fTx, where f is a column vector of constants, and x is the column vector of unknowns

- Bounds and linear constraints, but no nonlinear constraints (for definitions, see Write Constraints)

- Restrictions on some components of x to have integer values

In mathematical terms, given vectors f, lb, and ub, matrices A and Aeq, corresponding vectors b and beq, and a set of indices intcon, find a vector x to solve.
|Sources=https://de.mathworks.com/help/optim/ug/mixed-integer-linear-programming-algorithms.html?requestedDomain=www.mathworks.com#btv2z9c
}}
minxfTx subject to {x(intcon) are integersA⋅x≤bAeq⋅x=beqlb≤x≤ub.

Mixed integer linear problem

2017-11-10T08:52:53Z

Lilly Schoen:

Mixed integer linear problem

2017-11-10T08:51:23Z

Lilly Schoen:

{{GlossaryTermTemp
|Abbreviation=MILP
|Definition=A mixed-integer linear program is a problem with

- Linear objective function, fTx, where f is a column vector of constants, and x is the column vector of unknowns

- Bounds and linear constraints, but no nonlinear constraints (for definitions, see Write Constraints)

- Restrictions on some components of x to have integer values

In mathematical terms, given vectors f, lb, and ub, matrices A and Aeq, corresponding vectors b and beq, and a set of indices intcon, find a vector x to solve.
|Sources=https://de.mathworks.com/help/optim/ug/mixed-integer-linear-programming-algorithms.html?requestedDomain=www.mathworks.com#btv2z9c
}}
minxfTx subject to x(intcon) are integersA⋅x≤bAeq⋅x=beqlb≤x≤ub.