Zerrahn, A., Schill, W.-P. (2017): Long-run power storage requirements for high shares of renewables: review and a new model. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 79, 1518-1534
depends on model specification (seconds to days)
Which capacities of various flexibility / sector coupling options prove to be optimal under different shares of renewables, and what are their effects on quantities and prices?
Dispatch and Investment Evaluation Tool with Endogenous Renewables
In most applications so far, Germany as one node; version with additional central European country nodes available
Linear cost minimization problem. Decision variables include investment and dispatch of generation, storage, DSM and different sector coupling options including vehicle-grid interactions in both wholesale and balancing markets.
The Dispatch and Investment Evaluation Tool with Endogenous Renewables (DIETER) has initially been developed in the research project StoRES to study the role of power storage and other flexibility options in a greenfield setting with high shares of renewables. Meanwhile, several model extensions have been developed and applied to different research questions. The model determines cost-minimizing combinations of power generation, demand-side management, and storage capacities as well as their respective dispatch in both the wholesale and the reserve markets. DIETER thus captures multiple system values of energy storage and other flexibility options related to arbitrage, firm capacity, and reserves. DIETER is an open source model which may be freely used and modified by anyone. The code is licensed under the MIT license, and input data is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License. The model is implemented in the General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS). Running the model thus also requires a GAMS system, an LP solver, and respective licenses.