]> 2026-04-18T11:05:25+02:00 Backbone 0 Juha Kiviluoma, Erkka Rinne, Topi Rasku, Niina Helistö, Jussi Ikäheimo, Dana Kirchem, Ran Li, Ciara O'Dwyer, Jussi Ikäheimo, Tomi J. Lindroos, Eric Harrison https://doi.org/10.3390/en12173388 Helistö, N.; Kiviluoma, J.; Ikäheimo, J.; Rasku, T.; Rinne, E.; O’Dwyer, C.; Li, R.; Flynn, D. Backbone—An Adaptable Energy Systems Modelling Framework. Energies 2019, 12, 3388. Simple models can solve full year in seconds, complicated European models with 20+ regions and many sectors typically solve full year in ~hour 10 Tomi J. Lindroos some dispatch investment Short-term and long-term stochastics are available Cost efficient future energy systems with high shares of variable power generation. Exploring the impact of operational details on energy system planning. Optimizing the use of storages and energy intensive processes that have days-long time delays (model temporal structure can change during the horizon). Backbone - energy systems model Depends on user true GNU Library or "Lesser" General Public License version 3.0 (LGPL-3.0) Optimization The model minimizes the objective function and includes constraints related to energy balance, emissions, unit operation, transfers, system operation, portfolio design, etc. Cost minimization; emission minimization; Framework true GAMS transmission DC load flow net transfer capacities 1000000 false true Spine Toolbox or Excel All Renewables Conventional Generation CHP Backbone represents a highly adaptable energy systems modelling framework, which can be utilised to create models for studying the design and operation of energy systems, both from investment planning and scheduling perspectives. It includes a wide range of features and constraints, such as stochastic parameters, multiple reserve products, energy storage units, controlled and uncontrolled energy transfers, and, most significantly, multiple energy sectors. The formulation is based on mixed-integer programming and takes into account unit commitment decisions for power plants and other energy conversion facilities. Both high-level large-scale systems and fully detailed smaller-scale systems can be appropriately modelled. The framework has been implemented as the open-source Backbone modelling tool using General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS). 15 Minute 2020-01-20T08:37:57Z 2458868.8596875 2023-11-15T12:38:11Z 2460264.0265162 false Backbone