]> 2026-04-16T10:54:56+02:00 TIMES-PT 0 Simoes, S., Fortes, P. Patrícia Fortes Portugal - The Integrated MARKAL-EFOM System National false Optimization Minimise total discounted cost of the energy system Energy supply and demand true GAMS transmission distribution true false Renewables Conventional Generation CHP TIMES_PT is a technology rich, bottom-up model generator, which uses linear-programming to produce a least-cost energy system to satisfy the demand for energy services, optimized according to a number of user constraints (e.g. CO2 emissions cap), over medium to long-term time horizons. TIMES_PT characterizes the entire chain of the Portuguese energy system from 2005 to 2050 (in 5-year steps), including energy imports and production (e.g., oil and bio refineries), transformation (e.g., power and heat production), distribution, exports and end-use consumption, in industry, residential, services, agriculture and transport sectors and their respective sub-sectors. TIMES_PT has been developed since 2004 and has benefited from the peer-review of numerous national partners from industrial sectors, power production, oil refining and end-use energy sectors. TIMES_PT model informed climate policy in Portugal in the last 10 years and has supported the design of climate mitigation policies. The development of the TIMES_PT model started within the EU research project NEEDS and the national research project E2POL. Although its implementation was motivated by research goals, during the past decade the model has become a major tool supporting national climate mitigation policies, and to a lesser extent, air pollution policies. The Low Carbon Roadmap 2050 is a flagship policy document currently used as the Portuguese long term view on mitigation goals, while the PNAC— National Plan on Climate Change includes the visions up to 2030 from stakeholders from other policy areas, as transportation and industry. The negotiations for the revisions of the National Emission Ceilings Directive for 2020 and 2030, as well as the National Strategy for Air Quality (2015) were supported by projections generated by TIMES_PT. More recently, TIMES_PT was linked with a national CGE model, which has motivated its use in the Green Tax Reform. Seasonal 2018-02-05T10:35:15Z 2458154.9411458 2018-02-05T10:35:15Z 2458154.9411458 true TIMES-PT