Introduction
Here datasets and modelling issues for the long-distance transport of natural gas are listed.
Gas network datasets by region
Germany
DIW Data Documentation 92 "Electricity, Heat and Gas Sector Data for Modelling the German System"
Europe
Gas Infrastructure Europe
ENTSO-G capacities and maps
German Network Development Plan (NEP) for Gas 2016-2026
VGE European and German gas maps
BDEW maps
PhD Thesis of Jessica Rövekamp contains German data
Modelling issues
Compressibility, line pack (i.e. storage inside pipes), gas consumption of compressors, daily modelling, Gross Calorific Value (GCV), storage, LNG transport
Compressors are needed to maintain pressure throughout the network. They are typically stationed every 90 km to 150 km in the long-distance network, sometimes up to every 400 km for international routes [Rövekamp]. Onshore long-distance pipelines have a diameter of 0.4 to 1.4 meters and pressures up to 100 bar [Rövekamp]. The compressors can consume up to 5-10% of the transported gas (0.3% per 150 km? citation needed).
It's apparently hard to measure exactly what is flowing at any one time in the network; often only daily flows are modelled or reported.
The Weymouth equation is an approximation used to calculate the flow in the pipe based on the pressures at either end. It is generally used for high-Reynolds-number flows where the Moody friction factor is merely a function of relative roughness.
The relation between pressures p_{m,n} at m,n and flow f_{mn} is given by:
f_{mn} = sgn(p_m,p_n) C_{mn} \sqrt{|p_m^2 - p_n^2|}
where sgn(p_m,p_n) =1 if p_m \geq p_n and sgn(p_m,p_n) = -1 if p_m < p_n.
Publications
on gas network modelling
European Climate Foundation Energy Union Choices: A Perspective on Infrastructure and Energy Security in the Transition, Report, 2016
Neumann, A., Rosellón, J. & Weigt, H. Removing Cross-Border Capacity Bottlenecks in the European Natural Gas Market—A Proposed Merchant-Regulatory Mechanism Networks and Spatial Economics, March 2015, Volume 15, Issue 1, pp 149–181, DIW Working Paper
Jessica Rövekamp Transportnetzberechnung zur Feststellung der Erdgasversorgungssicherheit in Deutschland unter regulatorischem Einfluss - PhD Thesis, 2014, TU Clausthal - the references give a good literature overview
Jan Abrell, Hannes Weigt Investments in a Combined Energy Network Model: Substitution between Natural Gas and Electricity WWZ Discussion Paper 2014/05
Jan Abrell, Clemens Gerbaulet, Franziska Holz, Casimir Lorenz and Hannes Weigt Combining Energy Networks The Impact of Europe's Natural Gas Network on Electricity Markets until 2050, 2013 DIW Working Paper
M. Geidl and G. Andersson Optimal Power Flow of Multiple Energy Carriers IIEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 22(1), 2007
Michele Arnold, Goran Andersson Decomposed Electricity and Natural Gas Optimal Power
Linearised Weymouth equations in:
Kjetil T. Midthun, Mette Bjørndal and Asgeir Tomasgard Modeling Optimal Economic Dispatch and System Effects in Natural Gas Networks, The Energy Journal, Vol. 30, No. 4 (2009), pp. 155-180
Further gas-electricity coupling in:
http://iiesi.org/assets/pdfs/iiesi_102_mccalley1.pdf
http://iiesi.org/assets/pdfs/101_mccalley_2.pdf
