Overview
Direct emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases occur both from fossil fuel combustion for process heat and from chemical processes (e.g. calcination in cement manufacture). Indirect emissions come from e.g. the use of electricity.
Tackling emissions in the industrial sector involves a case-by-case analysis of each industrial sector.
Many Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) have good representations of the industrial sector, but many more detailed energy models do not.
Industrial energy use and emissions also have a knock-on effect on life
cycle analysis (LCA) of technologies in the rest of the energy sector.
Data
European Union
EU per country statistics of emissions and energy balances in each sector are available.
EPRTR : http://prtr.ec.europa.eu/#/home
Registry of poluting industrial facility
Release of poluant per year
EU-ETS registery : https://ets-registry.webgate.ec.europa.eu/
Process heat
By sector
Iron and steel
Possibility of reduction of iron ore with hydrogen instead of coke being explored in HYBRIT and SALCOS projects.
Cement
Only option to reduce cement demand and CCU/S?
Concrete also absorbs CO2 from air.
Chemicals
Pulp and paper
Studies
Studies of reducing emissions in the industrial sector.
IPCC 5th Assessment Report on Mitigation (Working Group III) in Industry (Chapter 10)
