Introduction
Here datasets and modelling issues for the long-distance transport of natural gas are listed.
Gas network datasets by region
Europe
Gas Infrastructure Europe
ENTSO-G capacities and maps
Modelling issues
Compressibility, line pack (i.e. storage inside pipes), gas consumption of compressors, daily modelling, Gross Calorific Value (GCV)
Compressors are needed to maintain pressure throughout the network, and can consume up to 5-10% of the transport gas (0.3% per 150 km? citation needed).
It's apparently hard to measure exactly what is flowing at any one time in the network; often only daily flows are modelled or reported.
The Weymouth equation is an approximation used to calculate the flow in the pipe based on the pressures at either end. It is generally used for high-Reynolds-number flows where the Moody friction factor is merely a function of relative roughness.
The relation between pressures p_{m,n} at m,n and flow f_{mn} is given by:
f_{mn} = sgn(p_m,p_n) C_{mn} \sqrt{|p_m^2 - p_n^2|}
where sgn(p_m,p_n) =1 if p_m \geq p_n and sgn(p_m,p_n) = -1 if p_m < p_n.
Publications on gas network modelling
Transportnetzberechnung zur Feststellung der Erdgasversorgungssicherheit in Deutschland unter regulatorischem Einfluss - PhD Thesis of Jessica Rövekamp, 2014, TU Clausthal
Neumann, A., Rosellón, J. & Weigt, H. Removing Cross-Border Capacity Bottlenecks in the European Natural Gas Market—A Proposed Merchant-Regulatory Mechanism Networks and Spatial Economics, March 2015, Volume 15, Issue 1, pp 149–181, DIW Working Paper
M. Geidl and G. Andersson Optimal Power Flow of Multiple Energy Carriers IIEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 22(1), 2007
Michele Arnold, Goran Andersson Decomposed Electricity and Natural Gas Optimal Power
Jan Abrell, Clemens Gerbaulet, Franziska Holz, Casimir Lorenz and Hannes Weigt Combining Energy Networks The Impact of Europe's Natural Gas Network on Electricity Markets until 2050, 2013 DIW Working Paper
Jan Abrell, Hannes Weigt Investments in a Combined Energy Network Model: Substitution between Natural Gas and Electricity WWZ Discussion Paper 2014/05
Linearised Weymouth equations in:
Kjetil T. Midthun, Mette Bjørndal and Asgeir Tomasgard Modeling Optimal Economic Dispatch and System Effects in Natural Gas Networks, The Energy Journal, Vol. 30, No. 4 (2009), pp. 155-180
Further gas-electricity coupling in:
http://iiesi.org/assets/pdfs/iiesi_102_mccalley1.pdf
http://iiesi.org/assets/pdfs/101_mccalley_2.pdf
