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| | + | This page grew out of the [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1xmZbse_Vy04i8q7Ws-fyZ1GdWlvDd3Bd58D0wOJTayI/edit Hydro Modelling Breakout Group] at the [[Open_Energy_Modelling_Workshop_-_London_2015|3rd openmod workshop]] in London, 2015. |
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| | = Introduction = | | = Introduction = |
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| − | This page grew out of the [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1xmZbse_Vy04i8q7Ws-fyZ1GdWlvDd3Bd58D0wOJTayI/edit Hydro Modelling Breakout Group] at the [http://wiki.openmod-initiative.org/wiki/Open_Energy_Modelling_Workshop_-_London_2015 3rd openmod workshop] in London, 2015.
| + | Hydroelectricity is still the dominant source of renewable electricity in many countries (around 17% share of European electricity, if you include Norway and Switzerland). |
| | | | |
| | + | Technically it can be very flexible and smooth out variable production of wind and solar, so for future scenarios with high RES, it’s important to get right. |
| | | | |
| | + | For market models hydro in the Alps and Scandinavia can have a big influence on market prices, which is hard to capture. |
| | | | |
| | + | There are different types of hydroelectric plants: |
| | | | |
| | + | *Run-of-river plants with little storage |
| | + | *Storage dams with inflow |
| | + | *Pumped storage |
| | + | *Mixed variants (e.g. storage dams with inflow and pumping) |
| | + | |
| | + | Hydroelectricity modelling is complicated by several factors: |
| | + | |
| | + | *Although it has low marginal cost, the storage allows dispatch to be time-shifted, which makes optimal dispatch strategies complicated |
| | + | *Plants on rivers can be chained, so that the inflow depends on the output of power plants upstream |
| | + | *Hydro availability varies year-by-year (e.g. there are dry and wet years in Scandinavia) |
| | + | *Modelling inflow from weather data is non-trivial: need to model precipitation, runoff, evaporation, snow melt, etc. |
| | + | *Water in resevoirs is tapped for other purposes, e.g. irrigation. |
| | + | *There are other constraints, such as maintaining navigability on rivers, etc. |
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| | = Hydroelectric modelling = | | = Hydroelectric modelling = |
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| | More detail can be found in books such as | | More detail can be found in books such as |
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| − | A. J. Wood, B. F. Wollenberg, and G. B. Sheblé, "Power Generation, Operation and | + | A. J. Wood, B. F. Wollenberg, and G. B. Sheblé, "Power Generation, Operation and Control," New York: John Wiley & Sons, Third Edition, 2014. |
| − | Control," New York: John Wiley & Sons, Third Edition, 2014. | + | |
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| | + | <br/> |
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| | = Hydroelectric power plant static data = | | = Hydroelectric power plant static data = |
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| − | == European datasets == | + | == Desired data for power plants == |
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| | + | *Power plant type (run of river, pumped storage, storage dam) |
| | + | *Power dispatch capacity (MW) |
| | + | *Power pumping capacity (if present) (MW) |
| | + | *Storage capacity (litres or MWh) |
| | + | *(head) Height of reservoir (m) |
| | + | *Type of inflow |
| | + | *Legal restrictions on flow levels (maintaining enough water for nature) |
| | + | *minimal resevoir level |
| | + | *(black start reserves - capacity reserves) |
| | + | *Pumped storage efficiency |
| | + | *Chaining run-of-river |
| | + | *Some reservoirs have several outlets |
| | + | |
| | + | == European datasets == |
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| | = Hydroelectric inflow time series data = | | = Hydroelectric inflow time series data = |
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| | == Introduction == | | == Introduction == |
| − |
| |
| | | | |
| | == Deriving time series from first principles == | | == Deriving time series from first principles == |
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| | == European datasets == | | == European datasets == |
Revision as of 14:30, 2 February 2016
This page grew out of the Hydro Modelling Breakout Group at the 3rd openmod workshop in London, 2015.
Introduction
Hydroelectricity is still the dominant source of renewable electricity in many countries (around 17% share of European electricity, if you include Norway and Switzerland).
Technically it can be very flexible and smooth out variable production of wind and solar, so for future scenarios with high RES, it’s important to get right.
For market models hydro in the Alps and Scandinavia can have a big influence on market prices, which is hard to capture.
There are different types of hydroelectric plants:
- Run-of-river plants with little storage
- Storage dams with inflow
- Pumped storage
- Mixed variants (e.g. storage dams with inflow and pumping)
Hydroelectricity modelling is complicated by several factors:
- Although it has low marginal cost, the storage allows dispatch to be time-shifted, which makes optimal dispatch strategies complicated
- Plants on rivers can be chained, so that the inflow depends on the output of power plants upstream
- Hydro availability varies year-by-year (e.g. there are dry and wet years in Scandinavia)
- Modelling inflow from weather data is non-trivial: need to model precipitation, runoff, evaporation, snow melt, etc.
- Water in resevoirs is tapped for other purposes, e.g. irrigation.
- There are other constraints, such as maintaining navigability on rivers, etc.
Hydroelectric modelling
In a linear programming setup, hydroelectric dams can be modelled as storage units with state of charge limits, set inflow, controllable spillage and optional pumping.
The chaining of run-of-river plants, multiple turbines fed from the same reservoir, can all be modelled too.
More detail can be found in books such as
A. J. Wood, B. F. Wollenberg, and G. B. Sheblé, "Power Generation, Operation and Control," New York: John Wiley & Sons, Third Edition, 2014.
Hydroelectric power plant static data
Desired data for power plants
- Power plant type (run of river, pumped storage, storage dam)
- Power dispatch capacity (MW)
- Power pumping capacity (if present) (MW)
- Storage capacity (litres or MWh)
- (head) Height of reservoir (m)
- Type of inflow
- Legal restrictions on flow levels (maintaining enough water for nature)
- minimal resevoir level
- (black start reserves - capacity reserves)
- Pumped storage efficiency
- Chaining run-of-river
- Some reservoirs have several outlets
European datasets
Hydroelectric inflow time series data
Introduction
Deriving time series from first principles
European datasets
